Pulse method for determining the current state of health of an electrochemical energy storage device
Abstract
A single-pulse galvanostatic method for rapid determination of the current State of Health (SOH) of electrochemical energy storage devices in dynamic operating modes has been developed and experimentally validated. The proposed method enables SOH assessment without interrupting normal load operation. It relies on the Haar wavelet transform to process the response signal of the energy storage device to a short-term test pulse. Considering the specific profile of the response signal, which reflects multi-stage electrochemical kinetics and is described by slowly changing functions, applying the Haar wavelet transform yields a real-time time-frequency representation of the electrochemical process. Processing the depolarization curve of the response signal following the test pulse via the Haar wavelet transform restricts the area under the voltage curve, which correlates directly with the utilization factor of active materials. Thus, the derived wavelet parameters serve as informative indicators for evaluating the current SOH within a specified time window of the depolarization voltage curve. Experimental results reveal an irreversible, gradual decline in SOH over operational time driven by degradation processes, with the degradation rate accelerating in the later stages of service life. This behavior highlights the complex, dynamic, and non-linear nature of degradation in electrochemical energy storage systems. Unlike existing diagnostic techniques, the developed single-pulse galvanostatic method eliminates the need to disconnect the energy storage unit from the load, allowing real-time SOH monitoring under actual operating conditions.
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